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Endoscopy is a device used to visualize the interior aspect of the Gastro Intestinal tract starting from the Pharynx to the Anus. After the invention of flexible endoscopes there is a marked improvement in the management of GI tract diseases. Now a day’s, endoscopy has almost replaced the Barium Contrast X-rays, which were being used in the past for detecting GI tract diseases.
The main advantage of endoscopy is that it can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic (treatment) purposes. Hence endoscopy has become a mandatory investigation in Gastroenterology. Another major advantage of endoscopy is early detection of GI Cancers, so that we can attempt a curative treatment for GI Cancers.
The types of endoscopes used in Gastroenterology are Upper GI Endoscopy, Colonoscopy or Lower GI Endoscopy, side viewing Upper GI Scopy used for Pancreatic and biliary tract diseases. Apart from this the recent revolution is the invention of Capsule Endoscopy, which is exclusively done in our centre for the whole of South Tamil Nadu |
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Upper GI Endoscope:
- This is used to visualize the interior aspect of Oesophagus, Stomach and Duodenum that is up to the upper part of the small intestine.
- The technique involves introduction of flexible scope through the oral cavity after giving local anesthetic solution.
Diseases Diagnosed:
- Ulcers or erosions in Oesophagus, Stomach and Duodenum.
- Cancers in Oesophagus, Stomach and Duodenum and for taking Biopsy from these cancers.
- Oesophageal varices in liver diseases.
- Bleeding from ulcers and varices.
- Hiatus Hernia and Gastro Esophageal Reflux Diseases (GERD)
- Oesophageal Strictures.
Therapeutic Uses:
- Endoscopic banding of varices to control bleeding.
- Dilatation of strictures.
- Endoscopic removal of small polyps.
- Removal of foreign bodies like coins, dentures, bones etc.
- Endoscopic Stenting for advanced cancers.
Side Viewing Upper GI Scope:
- This is mainly used to diagnose Biliary Tract and Pancreatic pathologies.
- Used for doing ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography)
- For treatment purpose this is use for Common Bile Duct stone removal, Common Bile Duct stenting and Pancreatic Duct stenting.
Colonoscope:
- This is used to visualize the large intestine starting from Caecum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum and Anus.
- Colonoscopy is usually done after Bowel Preparation and Under Intravenous Sedation.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses:
- For early detection of cancers and taking biopsy if needed.
- Colonoscopic removal of polyps.
- To diagnose ulcerative colitis.
- Screening for colonic cancers among suspected family members.
Capsule Endoscopy:
Capsule Endoscopy is certainly a revolution in the diagnosis of small intestinal diseases as well as in GI bleeding.Technique:The patient will be asked to swallow a capsule with an inbuilt micro camera. The images from the camera will be sensed by a sensor attached to the patient’s body. After 8 to 10 hours the sensor will be taken and the images can be displayed in the monitor. The capsule will be passed in motion.Uses:
- For diagnosing small bowel diseases like Small Intestinal Cancer, Crohn’s Disease, etc., which is not possible by routine Upper GI and Lower GI Endoscopies.
This is also used in detecting the exact cause and site of GI bleeding when it is not diagnosed by routine investigations. |
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